Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Anything Is Possible Essay Example for Free
Anything Is Possible Essay Elaine has sued Jerry because Jerry fired her. Elaine was on the job for two months. The job offer letter she had been given mentioned the great career opportunities at the company and stated that her annual salary would be $30,000. The employer is an employment at will employer. Elaine was given no reason for the termination. After the termination, Jerry hired a man named Kramer, who had less job experience and education than Elaine, for the position. Elaine has sued to get her job back. The result of this particular scenario has the opportunity to go either way. Jerry fired Elaine, a female, after just two months of working for him, and then Jerry hired a man. Elaine believes that Jerry fired her for discrimination against her gender. Since it is illegal to fire an individual due to their race, color, national origin, sex, or religion (Cheeseman, 2007, p. 428), Elaine sued Jerry. It is perfectly understandable to see why Elaine believes Jerry fired her discriminately. Elaine worked for Jerry for only two months before she was terminated for no given reason. This raises a red flag as two months is hardly enough time to effectively demonstrate how hard of a worker one is. I believe it takes around six to eight months for a person to become knowledgeable about their position and become completely comfortable in performing their essential job tasks. Elaine would still be in the learning phase of her new job at two months. Jerry immediately hired a male, Kramer, after he terminated Elaine. Kramer had less work experience and education than Elaine, but Jerry hired him anyway. It is very easy to see why Elaine feels the way she does in this situation, however, she cannot read Jerryââ¬â¢s mind. It is very possible that Jerry fired Elaine for a legitimate reason and chose not to share this with her. Elaine may have produced a rather large error in her part that she overlooked and either cost the company a lot of money or reputation. Perhaps Jerry realized this and fired Elaine for this reason and did not wish to tell her in order to prevent embarrassment from either party. Jerry may have a good friend who referred Kramer to him. This friend may have informed Jerry on what kind of employee Kramer is and how quickly and efficiently he can learn the job based on past work experience. Anything is possible and possibilities are everywhere. What is meant by this is that nothing is black and white. A situation may be presented one way, but may actually be the exact opposite. You must be open minded in situations. Understanding that discrimination in the workplace is unfortunately common, it does not mean that Elaine is a victim of it. My personal belief is that Elaine would have rightfully sued Jerry unless if he can produce strong evidence of some sort of wrong doing on Elaineââ¬â¢s part.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Realism and Henry James Essay -- essays research papers fc
Realism, in the broadest of definitions, is the faithful representation of reality or verisimilitude. The realist is considered to be the ââ¬Å"philosophical extrovertâ⬠. Within the scope of American literature, ââ¬Ërealismââ¬â¢ spans the time period from the Civil War to the turn of the century. Some claim that American realism was the product of a country shaken by war combined with technological advances and increased consciousness of nationhood. Realism, according to Weinberg, ââ¬Å"denies the continuum of time as meaningful dimension of experience because time cannot be seen or touchedâ⬠. In essence, realism was a solution to the problem of the past. It ââ¬Å"made a religion out of newness and contemporaneityâ⬠. However, some critics of realism have criticized it as having been ââ¬Å"exposed as an insidious agent of the capitalistic-imperialistic-bourgeois hegemonyâ⬠. The advent of realism was much appreciated by writers everywhere for it was a response to the changing cultural needs. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain and Henry James are few of the pioneers of American realism. With time, Howells abandoned the idea of the past and worked solely in the representation of American life. Twain, however, was in a limbo between his bonds with the past and a promise to the present. At this time it was James, who reconciled the ties of history and with an intellectual commitment to the present. James wrote The Art of Fiction in 1884 in a critical response to Walter Besantââ¬â¢s lecture on the same topic. Jamesââ¬â¢s basic aim in this critique was to critically analyze Besantââ¬â¢s thoughts on fiction whilst putting forward what he believed the art and form of fiction to be. James contends that fictional writing is the representation of real life. In The Art of Fiction he claims that a novel ââ¬Å"is a proof of life and curiosityâ⬠. At another point in this discourse he writes, ââ¬Å"The only reason for the existence of a novel is that it does attempt to represent lifeâ⬠. This is synonymous with the definition of realism that I have stated above which claims that realism in literature is the representation of life. In the essay, James highlights the basis, which he believes, are essential for a piece of fiction to become art. According to him, a piece of fiction should be informative and should not carry with it the load of moral judgments or analysis. The characters and their psychological process should... ...r, Everett. "William Dean Howells' Theory of Critical Realism." ELH 16 (1949): 151-166. â⬠¢ Crowley, John W. "The Portrait of a Lady and The Rise of Silas Lapham: The Company They Kept." (n.d.): 117-134. â⬠¢ Dicovery of a Genius: William Dean Howells and Henry James. Ed. Albert Monrdell. New York: Twayne, 1961. â⬠¢ James, Henry. "The Art of Fiction." Longman's Magazine (1884). â⬠¢ James, Henry. What Maisie Knew. New York, 1909. â⬠¢ Pizer, Donald. "Late Nineteenth-Century American Realism: An Essay in Definition." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 16 (1961): 263-269. â⬠¢ Rouse, H. Blair. "Charles Dickens and Henry James: Two Approaches to the Art of Fiction." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 5 (1950): 151-157. â⬠¢ Salomon, Roger B. "Realism as Disinheritance: Twain, Howells and James." American Quarterly 16 (1964): 531-544. â⬠¢ Weinberg, Bernard. French Realism: The Critical Reaction, 1830-1870. (Oxford, 1937) pp. 122-123.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Description of a Tramp Essay
A tramp, also known as a hobo, is the term used to describe a person, who lives a vagrant lifestyle and who usually itinerant and redundant. Many tramps travel from place to place, also looking for some form of shelter or a short-term job to earn money to survive, on the other hand some other tramps depend on begging for money to survive, some even resort to scavenging. Many tramps have traveled to seek work or to find more pleasant and welcoming communities where they might obtain assistance from charitable organizations, churches, or individuals. Tramps became very high-profile throughout the Great Depression, when many people were forced into transient lifestyles by the disturbed American economy. The image of a tramp is usually recognized as dirty, dishevelled and disgusting. Tramps are generally seen residing on streets; on top of that they can be seen drunk, asleep and oblivious to their surroundings. A tramp lives on very few clothes and hardly any money (sometimes even none at all). Many are very unclean; they do not shave, shower or have any change of clothes as they can not afford any of these resources. In addition to that, they become even more dirty as they resort to sleeping on the streets as they do not have any other shelter, the dirt on the streets does not help their hygiene or health. Also it adds to their extremely unpleasant smell, as most live outside everyday in the busy, polluted cities, this also impacts their hygiene and most importantly health. As they have no change of clothes, the different seasons in the year can be very hard for them, as in the summer, when it is incredibly hot they suffer also in the deep winter, which again disturbs their health. Many people become tramps and homeless for various number of reasons, the most common include becoming addicted to drugs, therefore loosing money, job, friends and family and being left alone with nothing, this is also a similar case with alcohol and gambling. On some occasions it is not necessarily that persons fault, it could be that the persons family have been homeless before, or because someone else has cheated the person causing them to lose everything and ending up on the streets or they have been made redundant by the government. It could also be they are uneducated as they did not have the opportunity to go to school. It could be economic circumstances, mental illness and many other factors that they have ended up in such a bad state. To survive, tramps usually resort to begging in the streets or in busy areas such as shopping centres. Some also work hard to try and find temporary jobs, usually jobs that come with shelter. Many tramps also seek charitable organization which help homeless people and provide food and comfort. Others even scavenge for food and clothes in dumps and bins, most only do this if they are exceedingly desperate. However, when tramps beg on the streets many people do not really wish to donate money or food to the tramps as their unpleasant appearance prevents them, also they believe the tramps will misuse the money on alcohol and drugs as opposed to spending it on material they need.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Nation Of Poverty - 1865 Words
Introduction ââ¬Å"Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. And overcoming poverty is not a gesture of charity. It is an act of justice. It is the protection of a fundamental human right, the right to dignity and a decent life.â⬠ââ¬â¢ Nelson Mandela (Mandela, 2005, p. 123) It has been said that poor people have poor ways. Professionals use the term culture of poverty to describe that people in poverty share consistent and observable characteristics. Critics of this concept argue that many of these conceived universal characteristics are myths (Lewis, 1998). Whether the culture of poverty is a legitimate concept or not, it is truth that families thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Recent economic troubles has made for a very troubling job market, this and other factors have caused many Americans to abandon their search for employment. As a result public assistance programs have seen the largest amount of growth among social programs. These programs have had success in alleviating poverty among the elderly. They have not been as successful in helping child poverty and a downright failure in helping the working poor (Pedace, 2004). Many politicians and researchers want to consider poverty a demographic or racial issue. Historically minorities such as African Americans and Hispanics have had higher poverty rates than white, non-Hispanics. These numbers get more interesting when you factor in geography. Poverty rates are much higher in rural areas, the Southern U.S., and the Midwest (Pedace, 2004). This data suggests that there are multiple factors when considering the causes of poverty. While race is certainly a factor, an individual could easily jump to other conclusions when trying to find a root cause of poverty. It would be easy to rationalize that economic hardships have almost as much to do with lack of opportunity, low education levels, and no discernible job skills as they do with race or ethnicity. For most societies the fight against poverty is of great concern. For the United States and most European countries this involves transferring resources to our most disadvantaged. The fastest way toShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On African Nation1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Poverty in Africa has strike the people li ving there extremely horrible. Africa is the second largest continent in the world. It holds about 1.1 million people, which is 15% of the worldââ¬â¢s population. Poverty is about have not enough money to meet basic needs of living which includes food, clothing, and shelter. Being that Africa has a lack of the materials for a humans needs to have a role in society. Although over about 500 billion dollars is sent directly aid the African nation the money is beingRead MoreCombat Poverty, Developing And Developed Nations?1247 Words à |à 5 Pagesto combat poverty, in developing and developed nations? Perspective 1: http://www.saycocorporativo.com/saycoUK/BIJ/journal/Vol2No1/article4.pdf Perspective 2: http://www.globalissues.org/article/4/poverty-around-the-world Background: The first obstacle to combating poverty is in our minds. We must understand where poverty is before we can fight it. Although some countries are described as ââ¬Å"developedâ⬠and others as ââ¬Å"developingâ⬠, this does not provide an accurate way to judge the poverty. Even ââ¬Å"highlyRead MorePoverty Is More Important Than A War Of Nations1769 Words à |à 8 Pagesââ¬Å"Wars of nations are fought to change maps. But wars of poverty are fought to map change.â⬠Here, Muhammad Ali, a former famous American professional boxer, parallels wars of nations to simply changing petty lines on a map, while compares wars on poverty to changing the well being of others for the better, not war. A war on poverty is more important than a war of nations because in Aliââ¬â¢s eyes people are all the same and should focus on helping rather than hurting each other. Overall, poverty is a socialRead MoreWhy Nations Fail : The Origins Of Power, Prosperity And Poverty1274 Words à |à 6 Pagesinvestigating the global state of poverty and prosperity there is clear difference between the wealthy nations and impoverished nations. In the past decades there has been an increase in economic polarity between the developed and developing nations of the world. Some nations are prospering greatly while others countries are still struggling to achieve, economic, political, and social stability. The book Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty by Daron Acemoglu and James A. RobinsonRead MoreTo What Extent Do Democracies Affect A Nation s Poverty?1578 Words à |à 7 PagesTo what extent do democracies affect a nationââ¬â¢s poverty? My question was inspired by the article ââ¬Å" The Life of the Peasantsâ⬠. This article informs readers how bad the conditions were for peasants and the detrimental impacts that occurred on the peasants. Poverty is a serious topic that needs to be re-evaluated and analyzed some more. ââ¬Å"Globally, about 21,000 people die every day of hunger or hunger-related causesâ⬠, according to the United Nations. This is one person every four seconds and unfortunatelyRead MoreWhy Nations Fail : The Origins Of Power, Prosperity, And Poverty, By Daron Acemoglu Essay1539 Words à |à 7 PagesName : Tutor : Course: Date : Book Review- Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, by Daron Acemoglu (Author), James A. Robinson Background The book ââ¬ËWhy nations failââ¬â¢ was written by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. The first author, an economics lecturer and was promoted to full professor in 2000. He is a member of the economic growth program of the Canadian Institute of Advanced Research. His interests and particularly to his audience are political economy where mostRead MoreHow Did Poverty Represent The Problems Of An Expanding Nation During The Early Republic Period?1298 Words à |à 6 Pages1. How did poverty represent the problems of an expanding nation during the early Republic period? The time between the writing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787 and the financial depression, beginning in 1837, saw poverty as the most significant social pressure in the United States. There were many unanswered questions regarding societyââ¬â¢s role in helping the poor and underprivileged during this time in the early Republic. It was debated whether or not society was responsible for helping find jobsRead MorePoverty And Poverty1721 Words à |à 7 PagesOver the years, poverty has become an issue that is growing drastically and more people are starting to succumb to it and are falling below the poverty line. Poverty is like an epidemic that is constantly spreading because it has many causes to it. Poverty is the faceless enemy that exists in todayââ¬â¢s society and targets those who are incapable of fighting against it and those who cannot support themselves. It is a never-ending nightmare of living life in hunger, without shelter, being exposed toRead MorePoverty Of Being Unwanted, Unloved And Uncared For Is The Greatest Poverty Essay876 Words à |à 4 PagesGlobal Poverty One of the most famous quotes from the late Mother Teresa is ââ¬Å"We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. Poverty still remains as one of the main obstacles and issues people are facing particularly in the world. According to the website thebreakthrough.org, poverty tops off the list as the biggest challenge when in comparison with another immediate concern- Global WarmingRead MoreGlobal Poverty Essay example1162 Words à |à 5 PagesPoverty has become a crucial fact worldwide and has a great influence on economic development. Foreign aid from wealthy regions has been dedicated to reducing poverty. Before delving into the argument, it is necessary to clarify the term ââ¬Å"western countriesâ⬠and ââ¬Å"global povertyâ⬠. Western countries refer to the most developed countries which have in common a high standard of living for most of the residents, such as the United States, most European countries and Australia. Global poverty in this essay
Saturday, December 28, 2019
God Is Not A Religious Experience - 954 Words
Danlielou in Chapter one states, ââ¬Å"But that in which saves is not a religious experience, but faith in the Word of Godâ⬠(10) No one is born with faith because you have to accept faith from God. Faith is knowing that there is a God. We have to put our trust in God because in the end he will take care of us in the end. The image of God that is the most persuasive is the God of faith because faith is shown both in religions, philosophy, and in the Bible. Monotheism, Polytheism, and Atheism are all different religions of how people worship God/gods. Early tribes actually had faith in one God, but since he felt so far away to them, they began to make other gods. Monotheism is the only religion that truly complies with faith. Rassinger states in his reading, ââ¬Å"We are beginning to understand more and more clearly today that this concept of love is by no means philosophically deducible, self-supporting principle, and that to a large extent it starts of falls with belie f in the one Godâ⬠(76). The belief in one God is related to the ultimate yes. The ultimate yes is I believe in God and yes there is a God. ââ¬Å"Faith seems formidable to man because it involves the acceptance of his dependence and the abandonment of his self-sufficiency. Thus faith reaches him in his will to belong; it puts him at the mercy of anotherâ⬠(Danlielou, 87). People are scared of faith because it is certain and uncertain at the same time. Religions can make it easy to have faith in God or they canShow MoreRelatedThe existence of God Based on Religious Experience Essay2414 Words à |à 10 Pagesexistence of God based on religious experience. (18) 2. ââ¬ËThe argument merely indicates the probability of God and this is of little value to a religious believer.ââ¬â¢ Discuss. (12) In contrast to the classical arguments for the existence of God, namely the ontological, cosmological and teleological arguments, the argument from religious experience doesnââ¬â¢t just entail a set logical of points arriving at a conclusion on a piece of paper, rather it also necessitates sense-based experience, tangible toRead MoreAnalyse the Argument of the Existence of God from Religious Experience1171 Words à |à 5 PagesExistence of God from Religious Experience (18) The argument for the existence of God from Religious Experience is a simple one, with only two premises. The first being that some people have, or have had a religious experience, the second premise is that these are only explicable though God, thus leading to the conclusion that God exists. This leads us to question, what exactly are religious experiences? Theologians have struggled for centuries trying to define what a religious experience is, withRead MoreKey Concepts of Religious Experience as an Argument for the Existence of God707 Words à |à 3 PagesKey Concepts of Religious Experience as an Argument for the Existence of God The argument is of an a posterioi nature, therefore it is inductive. This means the argument uses data and evidence from which conclusions are drawn. The argument of experience must involve a sense of encounter, the experience of the encounter therefore has been seen, felt and sensed and therefore making the experience exist to us (Hume). These experiences seem to be widespread throughout societyRead MoreExamine some of the key principles of the argument for the existence of God based upon religious experiences765 Words à |à 4 Pagesof God based upon religious experiences Religious experiences are experiences we have of the divine or God. These experiences may be Mystical experiences, conversion experiences or revelatory experiences. Paul Tillich states that religious experience is a feeling of ââ¬Ëultimate concernââ¬â¢, a feeling that demands a decisive decision from the one receiving it. He describes it as an encounter followed by a special understanding of its religious significance. The argument for religious experiences isRead MorePersonal and/or Religious Experience Is Particularly Revealing for Developing a Fuller Understanding or Ourselves and/God? (50))2438 Words à |à 10 PagesPersonal and/or religious experience is particularly revealing for developing a fuller understanding or ourselves and/God? (35) Examine and comment on this claim with reference to the topic you have investigated? (15) ââ¬Å"There is no single thing that can be bottled and neatly labelled as a religious experienceâ⬠-Harvey. A religious experience is an outward encounter with something divine also known as God. This experience is set apart from any other experience as it is based on religious context. ItRead MoreThe Existence of God Essay1498 Words à |à 6 PagesExistence of God What we call religious experience can differ greatly. Some reports exist of supernatural happenings that it would be difficult to explain from a rational, scientific point of view. On the other hand, there also exist the sorts of testimonies that simply seem to convey a feeling or a peace of oneness- something which most of us, religious or not, may possibly relate to. Firstly, I will consider the nature of an experience. Experience involvesRead MoreThe Argument for the Existence of God Essay1159 Words à |à 5 PagesExistence of God It is an undisputed fact that some people claim to have experienced God. It is these religious experiences that have been used by philosophers to argue for the existence of God. The main way of expressing the argument from religious experience is as follows: P1 Someone experiences an entity C1 The entity exists P2 Someone has experienced God C2 God exists Those who champion the argument seek to differentiate ordinary experiences and religiousRead MoreCritically Asses, with Reference to William James, the Arguments from Religious Experience.1699 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Ëthe varieties of religious experienceââ¬â¢, James concluded that religious experience testifies that ââ¬Å"we can experience union with something larger than ourselves and in that union find our greatest peaceâ⬠. à He defined such experiences as ââ¬Å"experiences of the divineâ⬠and believed that religious experience was at the heart of religion. For James, religious teachings, practices and attitudes are second hand religion, which later develop as individuals reflect on their common experience. It is the actualRead MoreThe Argument For The Existence Of God1674 Words à |à 7 Pagesanalyzed satisfactory for the existence of God. The existence of God simply cannot be proven. Regardless of how strong a personââ¬â¢s faith is, or how many miracles they claim to have witnessed, God can only ever be a possibi lity. First, I will discuss why Pascalââ¬â¢s wager is not a satisfying argument for the existence of God. I will then examine C.D. Broadââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Argument for the Existence of Godâ⬠, and why it is also not a satisfying argument for the existence of God. Finally, I will discuss St. Thomas Aquinasââ¬â¢Read MoreReligious Experience Essay862 Words à |à 4 PagesReligious Experience There are various interpretations of the definite meaning of a religious experience, where each are unique and different. There have been many, many stores put forward by certain individuals who have claimed to have such an experience. Various people have studied them, and have come to the conclusion that in most cases, very similar subjects are brought up in them. Some say that a religious experience involves having some sort of contact
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Self Presentation Theory - Consumer Behaviour - 1622 Words
Self-Presentation ââ¬ËIt might be said of self praise (if it not entirely shameful and ridiculous) that we praise ourselves fearlessly, something always sticks.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬â Francis Bacon WHAT IS SELF-PRESENTATION? Self Presentation is part of the Self Concept and Impression Management theory. Impression management (IM) theory suggests that any individual or organization must establish and maintain impressions that are compatible with the perceptions one wants to give to the public. From both a communications and public relations viewpoint, the theory of impression management suggests the vital ways in which one establishes relationship between personal or organizational goals and their intended actions which create public perception. The ideaâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦People adopting a protective self presention style are expected to be less assertive with respect to same consumer interactions (M salma,Kevin Celuch, 1995) Thus, Self Presentation relies on corporeal ( meaning : having, consisting of, or relating to a physical material body: opp : not spiritual display). Mauss (1973) labels body techniques to communicate the desired identity, or self. The social actions required for self-presentation are consumption oriented and depend upon individuals displaying signs, symbols, brands, and practices to communicate the desired impression (Williams and Bendelow 1998). The art of self-presentation is both a manipulation of signs (Wiley 1994) and an embodied representation and experience (Brewer 1998) to impart identity. Consumers self-present daily as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so forth, to impress others in any given context (a shopping mall, movie theaters etc.). Goffman (1959) asserts that the presentation of self is contextual, based on a specific setting and facing a definable and anticipated audience. Consumer behaviour with regards to product purchase having either high involvement or low involvement depends on both his self presentation and the presentation of the product it self. The Self concept of how one views themselves gets reflected in the Prsentation style and in product purchase. To date, theShow MoreRelatedDive In. My First Piece Of Personal Advice To My Future1013 Words à |à 5 PagesDive in My first piece of personal advice to my future self is to dive in. Fear of failure has always been something that Iââ¬â¢ve struggled with. During my first year of university, I was in the Faculty of Arts but desperately knew I wanted to be business school. With that said, I was extremely scared of failure and held my application back until I was ready the next year. For a whole year, I took courses that I wasnââ¬â¢t passionate about as I couldnââ¬â¢t bring myself to apply to Sauder. I wasted a year ofRead MoreMarketing Of A Product Based Advertising Effort1623 Words à |à 7 Pagess business surroundings are given the specific test of dodging clashed informing, oversaturation of promoting activities, consumer dithering and monitored behaviour keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish their destinations of improving long haul brand reliability and empowering product acquisitions. While there are environmental factors which may impact consumerââ¬â¢s behaviour, the hugest artificiality originates from mental impacts connected with promoting correspondence and individual translationRead MoreThe Impact Of Experiential Marketing On Attracting Consumers Essay1734 Words à |à 7 Pagesmarketing in attracting consumers The Modern development of marketing theory is characterised as one of the main elements of the marketing mix. Many companies all around the world are trying to adapt to an advertising brand strategy that reacts that is based on human nature, namely, basic psychological needs, desires and, in particular, human behaviour. Not so long ago a new direction in the science of marketing appeared. Experiential marketing focuses on stimulating consumersââ¬â¢ feelings, thoughts andRead MoreThe Impact Of Outdoor Advertising On Consumer Buying Decision And Behavior1523 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe impact outdoor advertising on consumer buying decision and behaviour in Cameroon. Our study explores consumerââ¬â¢s personality and attitude, analyses how consumers make their purchase decisions and why consumers buy. It also describes on the other hand, advertising strategies and methods used in shaping consumers behaviour. To test our experiment, we shall use the qualitative design method and self- random sampling will be used to select 100 potential consumers (buyers) of the working age group (25-60yearsRead MoreLiterature Reveiw About Ethics and Organic Food9160 Words à |à 37 Pagesorganic food among consumers Adeline Marià © Supervisor : M. Bloom ETU 20030459 SUMMARY General Background 4 1 Market development and cultural factors. 5 1.1 Culture influences the food choice. 5 1.2 The level of development of the country market influences organic food choice 6 1.2.1 A cross- national study of Danish and New-Zealand organic consumers. 6 1.2.2 The moderators of consumption depend on the market development 7 2 The attitudes that influence consumer 9 2.1 AttitudesRead MoreBtec higher national diploma2227 Words à |à 9 PagesOrganisations and Behaviour Credit Value 15 Hand Out/Issue Date w/c 07.10.2013 Submission Deadline 28/11/2013 Introduction You should submit your assignment separately the following sections/parts: Part A: Students are expected to write an essay. Part B: Students are expected to make a presentation. Aims of the unit: The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their applicationRead MoreI Am A Second Year Marketing Student1098 Words à |à 5 PagesI am a second year marketing student. I will complete my bachelor degree next year in July. I have worked at a retail store which is selling water heater and bathroom supplies. Iââ¬â¢m currently seeking internship opportunities to work at fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry. My ultimate goal is to work as a market researcher. Who inspires me The person who inspires me the most is Minhong Yu. He is the funder of New Oriental Education. New Oriental Education is the biggest English training schoolRead MoreAdvertising Is A Key Factor2254 Words à |à 10 Pagesnewspapers offered the ability to communicate entire pages of advertisements to the mass market. Advertising nevertheless is no doubt a powerful tool which adapts the way consumers perceive a product and if pulled off successfully can be the biggest factor of success. Approaches to advertising Simon Broadbent believes that there are 456 theories about what advertising is and how it works (Broadbent, 1992). However one of the most simple and effect definition of advertising is according to Roman is that advertisementRead MoreInsight Brief : Consumer Behaviour2710 Words à |à 11 PagesInsight Brief: Consumer Behaviour â⬠¢ For instance: Describing how a particular advertisement addresses one or more of the needs in Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy is just an interpretation or application of the theory. This is not enough. Arguing why a particular ad or promotion campaign has been successful (or not) in a particular place and time, as a result of fitting the needs that the target consumers are likely to be experiencing, would be an appropriate creative extension. Or, you could suggest a new ad/promotionRead MoreThe Award of Best Commercial Goes to... Essay725 Words à |à 3 PagesRunning Head: Case Study: And the Award for the Best Commercial Goes Toâ⬠¦ CANADIAN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Choudhry Shahid Nadeem Columbia College, Calgary Sid Horovitz (Facilitator) Assignment # 02 OCT, 17 2012 Case Study: And The Award For Best Commercial Goes Toâ⬠¦ Synopsis: PG Canada is a subsidiary of the worldââ¬â¢s largest consumer products company Procter Gamble. The company is continuously looking on the best ways to adopt for its employees
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Tax Policy and Obesity Epidemic
Question: Discuss about the Tax Policy and Obesity Epidemic. Answer: Introduction The social determinant of health is the social and economic factors affecting the individual health status. These are the health promoting factors that affect the living and working condition of an individual. The distribution related to the social determinant is shaped up by public policies that influence prevailing political ideologies. According to World health Organization unequal distribution of health damages the society is caused due to toxic combination of poor policies. The report is based on the soft drink tax and its implication in current scenario. Soft drink tax is a tax or surcharge designed to reduce consumption of the drinks that have added sugar. The drink covered under the tax is carbonated drink, un-carbonated drink, energy drink etc. The tax is related to public debate and only levied if it is in interest of the nation; World Health Organization promotes tax on soft drinks as these drinks are deteriorating the health of every individual in the society. The purpose is to discourage unhealthy diets and reduce the growing concern regarding obesity (Metherell, 2016). Background Diabetes is a growing concern in the recent time in the developed and the developing countries. There is a shift in the eating and drinking behavior of an individual causing serious health issue. Unlike sugar which is consumed through the normal food sugar consumed through the soft drink overload the pancreas and liver causing heart disease. Obesity is known to be a serious global and health issue causing a direct impact on the health of people in growing economy (Martin, 2016). Consumption of high amount of sugary drinks is directly affecting the health and causing excess weight and obesity. The excess consumption of sugary drinks by the young generation is affecting the concern of public health professional (Why a soft drinks tax is not the answer, 2017). Australia has some of the highest rate of obesity and overweight and is consistently growing @ of 28 percent, in Australia adults are almost obese and over a quarter children are facing obesity. It is due to highly processed energy dense consumption of soft drink that is affecting the health concern of the population. Sugared drinks are the main reason causing a serious impact to the health of children. It is believed that prevention of the consumption of soft drink is causing excess obesity. Some are planning to introduce a beverage tax to discourage the consumption of drink that is directly affecting the health of an individual (McKeith, 2016). The soft drink tax will have received a mixed response from the public in the recent time. It is therefore come important for the countries to consider the taxation not to create the revenue but to create a healthy atmosphere. Purpose A tax on the sugar will reduce the consumption by 15 percent and will increase the budget by $500 million. The Grattan Institute has recommended that a sugary drink is increasing the obesity rate. It is calculated that the obesity costs taxpayers around $ 5.3 Billion annually. One out of three Australian are now known as obsessed. They are planning to introduce tax @ 40 percent per 100 grams of the sugar. This will increase the price of two liter bottle by 80 cent. The food industry has shown that that the sugarcane growers has opposed the proposal of sugar taxes saying that there are no viable proof affirming that the sugary drinks are harmful. There are already heavy taxes on the products like alcohol and tobacco affecting the health concern. Similarly soft drinks are affecting the health of an individual that have a real impact on the health of an individual (Noone, 2016). By taxing the sweetest drink the effect of the harmful drink will be slightly reduced especially for children . In recent time Kids are consuming high amount of soft drinks that is affecting the health. A price increase by 20 percent will directly drop tee sale of the product by 12 percent. This will reduce the cases of obesity by 1 percent nationwide. This will help in protecting the rights of the kids and will protect them against obesity. A tax on the sugary drinks is the key recommendation made by the World health organization. The approach is supported by the YMCA, Australian Dental Association, the Committee of Presidents of Medical Colleges, the Public Health Association, and even Jamie Oliver (Davies, 2016). Impact on the industry According to Dr. Duckett the tax model will raise $ 500 million for the budget by targeting on the soft drinks consume. The tax is regressive as the total spending of household on soft drinks is only .75 percent of the total household income. So there will be a regressive effect on the small portion of household income. The soft drink industry has overestimated the impact of soft drink tax and opposes the taxation due to heavy implication. By looking at the current trend 80 percent of the sugar in Australia is exported and the remaining is used for the different type of food and drink. In short the impact on the soft drink industry will be very small. But there are at time the company can increase the overall profitability. Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce called sugary drink tax as "bonkers mad" and a "moralistic tax" that will create a huge impact on the sugar farmers in the North Australia. Often there are circumstances where the tax on the soft drink failed. In 2012 Danish government introduced Fat Tax as it was repealed after a period of 18 months. There was negative impact on the economy due to inflation and the rising administrative cost (Duckett, 2016). Increase in administrative costs Reduced jobs Higher food prices No visible enhancement to public health Majority of company affirmed that thee taxes has a direct impact on the economy of the country rather than on their health. Moreover it is believed that most of the local producers are exporting the goods which mean that the tax wont affect them. The global companies will however be affected due to levy of the tax till some extent. The UK tax is 24 pence per liter of Coca Cola and a little less for Fanta. There is certain loophole in the UK soft drink tax that has put the overall intention under consideration. This will no longer affect much of the concern related to obesity. This is considered to be a deterrent tax and will raise the revenue up to some level. The intension need to support the factors that affect the health of an individual on a long run. The sugar tax in Australia doesnt make unequal Australia (Fletcher, Frisvold Tefft, 2010). The tax on the sugar will hit the poor. According to economist, Government needs to levy taxes on alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. This t ax will not affect the wealthy person. This will however cause the income disparities. The income disparity in Australia is very high. The average households in Australia make four times as much as the bottom 10 percent (Fletcher, Frisvold Tefft, 2010). Below mentioned graph will help in determining the situation occurring in the current household structure in Australia. Impact of soft drinks on an individual Some of the people believe that soft drink should be taxed similar like cigarettes and leaded petrol in order to boost economy. The revenue collected from the tax can be used to tackle obesity acceding to a news report. The super tax will be applied on the sugar content of the non-alcoholic water based beverages in addition to the GST. Unless the soft drink tax that will increase the overall intake. According to the report almost 30 percent of the Australian adults were clinically obese and another 35 percent are considered to be overweight. Those who are suffering from obesity generally visit the practitioner and depend on the medicines in general. This is affecting the general health parameter of Australians. The cost to taxpayer of obesity amounts to around $ 5 billion per year. The report prepared by the Grattan Institute has stated that most of the problem related to obesity is caused due to soft drinks. Half of the added sugar comes from the drinks and the one third comes from the soft drink. The taxes on the soft drink are applied at United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, France, Fiji, Mexico, and South Africa (Mytton, Clarke Rayner, 2012). According to Grattan an Institute has stated that the taxes have however reduced the consumption by 15 people as people switched t other drinks. The tax on the soft drink will encourage the manufacturer to put less sugar in the drinks. This will reduce the overall tax on the drinks in coming time. According to worlds health organization stabilizing the obesity is the primary focus in the current scenario. The sugar industry will see a drop in the sale by 1 percent which will have a minimal impact on the oversea price. The tax will however affect the low level income category than the high income households. The low income household spends a little on the soft drinks. The extra budget earned through the tax can be used in order to promote the health facilities (Lustig, Schmidt Brindis, 2012). Recommendations It is however recommended that the tax on the soft drink is a rowing necessity in the current scenario. This will however put a positive impact on the Australian economy. In the recent time there have been rising cases of obesity. This is affecting the health of the teenager more specifically. The growing concern has a long term impact not only on the health of the individual but also on the economy (Efrat Efrat, 2012). It is recommended that the soft drink tax need to be levied as it will not only reduce the consumption of the drink to a level but will also help in improving the current health status. In the current scenario many countries have imposed the tax in order to bring attention of people to the grave issue. Consumption of soft drink has a long lasting impact on the health of the individual (Moretto, Kendall, Whitty, Byrnes, Hills, Gordon Comans, 2014). This taxation process will bring attention of people to the issue so that they can understand that the consumption will affect their health. Moreover the taxation is professed by the WHO. It is necessary to create taxation in a systematic manner as this will improve the condition as well. . These are the health influencing factors that initially affects the individual private and public behavior. In the recent time consumption of soft drink has raised a huge concern among people. In the recent time the health of people is getting affected due to soft drink consumption (Hafekost, Mitrou, Lawrence Zubrick, 2011). However it is known that there are other factors also that are affecting the health of an individual. It is the responsibility of the government to impose tax on those products that are mainly responsible for deteriorating the health. In recent time incidence pertaining to diabetes has increased. Soft drink has been responsible for the incidence where health of an individual is getting affected by the various factors accompanying the health of an individual (Hector, Rangan, Gill, Louie Flood , 2009). In this way the international companies will reduce the sugar content in the soft drink to some extent. It will help in reducing the impact on the individual health as well. There is a huge need to find out various ways through which the health of an individual can be improved through the alternative means (Veerman, Sacks, Antonopoulos Martin, 2016). Conclusion To conclude it is essential to understand the importance of imposing the tax in the recent time. The world is changing at a fast rate so are the eating habits. The report states the purpose for which the government Authorities should impose the tax. Looking at the current market trends it is very well visible that the consumption of soft drink is affecting the health of an individual to a large extent. The government is planning to impose tax on the people which will reduce the extent of obesity in general. There is a necessity to regulate the authorities so that the consumption of the soft drinks could be restricted. At present there is no such tax which is restricting the consumption o the soft drink. Looking at the current scenario it has become important to find out the most appropriate way through which the government can manage the issues related to the soft drink consumption. By looking at the current trend 80 percent of the sugar in Australia is exported and the remaining is used for the different type of food and drink. In short the impact on the soft drink industry will be very small. A very small portion is used by the local. This reflects that the localities will be less affected with the tax. It is however necessary for an individual to develop effective health strategies so that one can grow. The current changes in the health pattern are a matter of great concern and need to be taken with utmost care so that the health of the people can be managed effectively. References Davies,J.(2016). Should We Be Taxing Sugar? (ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.canstar.com.au/health-insurance/should-we-be-taxing-sugar/ (Accessed on: 28 March 2017) Duckett,S.(2016) Why we should tax sugary soft drinks. (ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://grattan.edu.au/why-we-should-tax-sugary-soft-drinks/ (Accessed on: 28 March 2017) Efrat, M. W., Efrat, R. (2012). Tax policy and the obesity epidemic.JL Health,25, 233. Fletcher, J. M., Frisvold, D. E., Tefft, N. (2010). The effects of soft drink taxes on child and adolescent consumption and weight outcomes.Journal of Public Economics,94(11), 967-974. Fletcher, J. M., Frisvold, D., Tefft, N. (2010). Can soft drink taxes reduce population weight?.Contemporary Economic Policy,28(1), 23-35. Hafekost, K., Mitrou, F., Lawrence, D., Zubrick, S. R. (2011). Sugar sweetened beverage consumption by Australian children: implications for public health strategy.BMC public health,11(1), 950. Hector, D., Rangan, A., Gill, T., Louie, J. C. Y., Flood, V. M. (2009). Soft drinks, weight status and health: a review. Lustig, R. H., Schmidt, L. A., Brindis, C. D. (2012). Public health: The toxic truth about sugar.Nature,482(7383), 27-29. Martin,P.(2016). A $520 million soft drink tax will probably make us less fat. But here's what it will do to prices. (ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/a-520-million-soft-drink-tax-will-probably-make-us-less-fat-but-heres-what-it-will-do-to-prices-20161122-gsuw17.html (Accessed on: 28 March 2017) McKeith,S.(2016). Soft Drinks Should Be Hit With 40 Cent Sugar Tax: Grattan Institute. (ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/11/22/soft-drinks-should-be-hit-with-40-cent-sugar-tax-grattan-instit/ (Accessed on: 28 March 2017) Metherell,L.(2016). Sugar tax could cut soft drink consumption, help halt growing obesity rates: Grattan Institute,(ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-23/sugar-tax-could-cut-soft-drink-consumption-by-15-per-cent/8048974 (Accessed on:28 March 2017) Moretto, N., Kendall, E., Whitty, J., Byrnes, J., Hills, A. P., Gordon, L., ... Comans, T. (2014). Yes, the government should tax soft drinks: findings from a citizens jury in Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health,11(3), 2456-2471. Mytton, O. T., Clarke, D., Rayner, M. (2012). Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health.BMJ,344(may15 2), e2931-e2931. Noone,Y.(2016). Sugar tax could raise $400m for the government . (ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/life/health/article/2016/04/14/sugar-tax-could-raise-400m-government (Accessed on: 28 March 2017) Veerman, J. L., Sacks, G., Antonopoulos, N., Martin, J. (2016). The impact of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages on health and health care costs: A modelling study Why a soft drinks tax is not the answer.(2017). (ONLINE).Retrieved from: https://www.australianbeverages.org/for-consumers/soft-drink-tax-answer/ (Accessed on: 28 March 2017)
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